The headline is the text at the top of a newspaper article, indicating the nature of the article below it.

It is sometimes termed a news ''hed'', a deliberate misspelling that dates from production flow during hot type days, to notify the composing room that a written note from an editor concerned a headline and should not be set in type.and it is important too

Production of headlines

A headline's purpose is to quickly and briefly draw attention to the story. It is generally written by a copy editor, but may also be written by the writer, the page layout designer, or other editors. The most important story on the front page above the fold may have a larger headline if the story is unusually important. ''The New York Times'''s 21 July 1969 front page stated, for example, that "MEN WALK ON MOON", with the four words in gigantic size spread from the left to right edges of the page.

The film ''The Shipping News'' has an illustrative exchange between the protagonist, who is learning how to write for a local newspaper, and his publisher:

:Publisher: It's finding the center of your story, the beating heart of it, that's what makes a reporter. You have to start by making up some headlines. You know: short, punchy, dramatic headlines. Now, have a look, [''pointing at dark clouds gathering in the sky over the ocean''] what do you see? Tell me the headline. :Protagonist: HORIZON FILLS WITH DARK CLOUDS? :Publisher: IMMINENT STORM THREATENS VILLAGE. :Protagonist: But what if no storm comes? :Publisher: VILLAGE SPARED FROM DEADLY STORM.

In the United States, headline contests are sponsored by the American Copy Editors Society, the National Federation of Press Women, and many state press associations.

Unusual headlines

A number of newspapers use humour, puns, alliteration or other word play devices in their headlines. Equally, the need to keep headlines brief occasionally leads to unintentional double meanings, if not double entendres. For example, if the story is about the president of Iraq trying to acquire weapons, the headline might be IRAQI HEAD SEEKS ARMS, or if some agricultural legislation is defeated in the United States House of Representatives, the title could read FARMER BILL DIES IN HOUSE.

WALL ST. LAYS AN EGG - ''Variety'' on Black Monday (1929)

STICKS NIX HICK PIX - ''Variety'' writing that rural moviegoers preferred urban films (1935)

DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN - ''Chicago Tribune'' reporting the wrong election winner (1948)

FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD - ''New York Daily News'' reporting the denial of a federal bailout for bankrupt New York City (1975)

HEADLESS BODY IN TOPLESS BAR - ''New York Post'' on a local murder (1983)

SAM SLEEPS! - ''New York Post'' over a front-page picture of mass-murderer David Berkowitz ("Son of Sam") asleep in his jail cell. SICK TRANSIT'S GLORIOUS MONDAY - ''New York Daily News'' reporting a state transit bailout (1980)

GOTCHA! - The UK ''Sun'' on the torpedoing of the Argentine ship ''Belgrano'' and sinking of a gunboat during the Falklands War (1982)

GREAT SATAN SITS DOWN WITH THE AXIS OF EVIL - ''The Times'' (London) on US-Iran talks (2007) SUPER CALEY GO BALLISTIC CELTIC ARE ATROCIOUS - ''Sun'' on Inverness Caledonian Thistle beating Celtic in the Scottish Cup

While editor of ''The New Republic'', Michael Kinsley began a contest to find the most boring newspaper headline. According to him, no entry surpassed the one that had inspired him to create the contest: "WORTHWHILE CANADIAN INITIATIVE", over a column by ''The New York Times'' Flora Lewis.

See also

The lead paragraph

''Headlines'' (from ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno'')

A-1 Headline, a 2004 Hong Kong film

Bus plunge, a type of news story, and accompanying headline

Further reading

Harold Evans ''News Headlines'' (Editing and Design : Book Three) Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd (February 1974) ISBN 0-434-90552-6 ISBN 978-0-434-90552-2

Fritz Spiegl ''What The Papers Didn't Mean to Say'' Scouse Press, Liverpool, 1965

References

External links

Front Page - The British Library Exhibition of famous newspaper headlines (2006)

Category:Journalism terminology

de:Schlagzeile fr:Chapeau (typographie) it:Titolo (giornalismo) mn:Гарчиг nl:Krantenkop ja:見出し pt:Manchete simple:Headline sv:Tidningsrubrik th:หัวเรื่อง zh:頭條新聞

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
name	Jim Cramer
birth date	February 10, 1955
birth place	Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, U.S.
birth name	James J. Cramer
occupation	Television personality, author
years active	1978–present
networth	US$50–100 million, as of October 2005 (self-proclaimed)
known for	Hosting ''Mad Money''Chairman of TheStreet.com, Inc.
residence	Summit, New Jersey
alma mater	Harvard College (B.A.)Harvard Law School (J.D.) }}

James "Jim" J. Cramer (born February 10, 1955) is an American television personality, a former hedge fund manager, and a best-selling author. Cramer is the host of CNBC's ''Mad Money'' and a co-founder and chairman of TheStreet.com, Inc.

Family

Cramer married Karen Backfisch-Olufsen, a trader with Steinhardt's firm in 1988, and lives in Summit, New Jersey.

Early years

Cramer was born to Jewish parents in Wyndmoor, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Philadelphia. One of his first jobs was selling ice cream at Veterans Stadium during Philadelphia Phillies games. Cramer went to Springfield Township High School in Montgomery County.

Biography

Education and early career

Cramer graduated ''magna cum laude'' from Harvard College with a B.A. in government.

He began his involvement with journalism in college, working for ''The Harvard Crimson'', and rising to become its president. After graduation, Cramer worked in several entry-level reporting jobs. Dating back to March 1, 1978, Cramer worked for the ''Tallahassee Democrat'' in Tallahassee, Florida, where he covered the Ted Bundy murders. The then-executive editor, Richard Oppel, says "[Cramer] was like a driving ram. He was great at getting the story." He then worked as a journalist for ''The Los Angeles Herald Examiner''. Around this time, his apartment was robbed by a stalker and he was left with nothing more than his car and the things in it; he lived out of it for about nine months. He also worked for Governor Jerry Brown.

Cramer was one of the first reporters at ''American Lawyer''. Cramer later earned a Juris Doctor degree from Harvard Law School. During his years at Harvard Law School, Cramer worked as a research assistant for Alan Dershowitz. He assisted Dershowitz's campaign to acquit alleged murderer Claus von Bülow despite the fact that Cramer admitted to himself that von Bülow was "supremely guilty". His plans to become a prosecutor were dashed when he was denied employment with the Office of the United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York, headed at the time by Rudy Giuliani, because his law school grades were not good enough. Cramer was admitted to the New York Bar in 1985, but his Bar status is currently listed as "suspended."

Investing

Cramer started investing in the stock market during his time at law school. Cramer began promoting his holdings by leaving stock picks on his answering machine, impressing ''The New Republic'' owner Martin Peretz, who gave him $500,000 to invest; Cramer earned Peretz $150,000 in two years.

His track record helped Cramer obtain employment in 1984 as a stock broker with Goldman Sachs' Private Wealth Management division. Cramer's success in this position led him to found his own hedge fund, Cramer & Co. (later Cramer, Berkowitz, & Co.), in 1987. The fund operated out of the offices of hedge fund pioneer Michael Steinhardt's Steinhardt, Fine, Berkowitz & Co., and early investors included Eliot Spitzer (a Harvard classmate, one of his oldest friends, and former Governor of New York), Brill, and Peretz.

During Cramer's tenure of the fund, from 1988–2000, he had one year of negative returns, in 1998, the year of the 1998 Russian financial crisis. It finished down 2–3% for the year, and did not charge a management fee that year to their clients. The following year in 1999 the fund returned 47%, and in 2000 28%, beating the S&P 500 by 38 percentage points. Cramer retired from his hedge fund in 2001, finishing with a 24% average annual return over 14 years and having "routinely [taken] home $10 million a year and more." The fund was taken over by his former partner Jeff Berkowitz after Cramer's retirement. During that time, he was also an "editor at large" for Smart Money magazine, and was accused of unethically combining his investing and reporting activities when he bought more of stocks that he recommended just before the recommendation article came out, contributing to a $2 million personal gain.

In 1996, Cramer co-founded TheStreet.com, Inc. with ''The New Republic'' editor Martin Peretz, one of his hedge fund's original clients. Cramer is currently a market commentator and adviser to the TheStreet.com, and is its second largest shareholder. Cramer also manages a charitable trust stock portfolio which is tied to TheStreet.com through a paid subscription service called the Action Alerts ''PLUS'' Portfolio.

Cramer currently works on a new project as part of TheStreet.com called MainStreet.com. An earlier project, TheRoad.com, was not successful.

Cramer claimed to be worth $50 to $100 million in October 2005. In 2009, Cramer received earnings of $461,276 from TheStreet.com.

Television personality

The cable television program ''Mad Money with Jim Cramer'' first aired on CNBC in 2005. According to CNBC's Web site in an article titled, "Mad Money Manifesto" by Jim Cramer, the show's mission statement and Cramer's job

"...is not to tell you what to think, but to teach you how to think about the market like a pro. This show is not about picking stocks. It's not about giving you tips that will make you money overnight – tips are for waiters. Our mission is educational, to teach you how to analyze stocks and the market through the prism of events."

To provide viewers with "the knowledge and the tools that will empower you to be a better investor," ''Mad Money'' features many segments, including: The ''Lightning Round'', ''Game Plan'', ''Execution Decision'', ''Off the Charts'', ''Sell Block'', ''Market Marshmallows'', ''Outrage of the Day'', ''Mad Bull Disease'', ''Am I Diversified'', and ''Mad Mail''.

After being a frequent guest commentator on CNBC in the late 1990s, Cramer co-hosted CNBC shows ''America Now'' and ''Kudlow & Cramer'' with Lawrence Kudlow in the early 2000s.

Cramer hosted a one-hour radio show, ''Jim Cramer's Real Money'', until December 2006. "Take the money and run" by the Steve Miller Band was the opening intro to each of his radio shows. The show was similar to his ''Mad Money'' TV show. He also guest-hosted in the slot caused by the cancellation of ''Imus in the Morning'' (MSNBC and WFAN/Westwood One) in May 2007.

On November 13, 2005, Dan Rather did a sit-down interview with Cramer on ''60 Minutes''. Among the topics of discussion were Cramer's past at his hedge fund; for example, his violent temper, and what finally led him to come to his senses and "calm down." Footage of Cramer at his family home with his daughters and wife was also included. On November 15, 2005, Cramer mentioned on his program that he received hundreds of e-mails after his ''60 Minutes'' interview. This report was taped before Cramer's radio show, ''Smart Money with Jim Cramer'' moved to WOR and became syndicated under the CBS Radio banner.

In 2005, Cramer appeared as himself in two episodes of the television series ''Arrested Development''. He appeared to first announce that he had upgraded Bluth Company stock to a "Don't Buy" from a "Triple Sell", and then to say that the stock was not a "Don't Buy" anymore, but a "Risky".

Cramer has also made appearances on NBC's ''Today'', ''NBC Nightly News'', ''Live with Regis and Kelly'', ESPN Classic's ''Cheap Seats'', NBC's ''Late Night With Conan O'Brien'', Comedy Central's ''The Daily Show with Jon Stewart'', ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno'', ''Late Show with David Letterman'', ABC's ''Jimmy Kimmel Live'' and NBC's ''The Apprentice (U.S. Season 7)'' called "The Celebrity Apprentice".

Cramer also appeared in the 2008 motion picture ''Iron Man'' spoofing Stark Industries on his show ''Mad Money''. and appears in the movie ''Wall Street: Money Never Sleeps''. He also claims to have consulted for the original Wall Street movie by telling the filmmakers how he would get through to Gordon Gekko.

On March 12, 2009, Jon Stewart interviewed Cramer on The Daily Show.

On November 3, 2009, Cramer appeared on the ''Martha Stewart'' Show to promote his new book,''Getting Back to Even''. While baking wholewheat bread, he stated that it is a great time to invest in real estate and that he has recently purchased the Debary Inn in Summit, NJ.

In 2010, Cramer spent Passover in Israel. He is an active member of the Jewish Community and strong supporter of Israel. “Israel is a democracy, one of the great democracies of all time,” Cramer said.

As of March 2011, Cramer recommends gold, "I think you can see $1,550 (an ounce) very quickly and $2,000 within the next 18 months. I think between 10 and 20 percent of your portfolio should be gold."

Selected controversies

Fox News Channel lawsuit

In 2000, Cramer settled a lawsuit with Fox News Channel in which Fox had claimed Cramer reneged on a deal to produce a show for them. Their conflict began when Fox complained that Cramer promoted TheStreet.com's stock on the air.

Market manipulation

In March 2007, a December 2006 interview from TheStreet.com's "Wall Street Confidential" webcast stirred controversy after it appeared on YouTube.com. In the video, Cramer described activities used by hedge fund managers to manipulate stock prices – some of debatable legality and others illegal. He described how he could push stocks higher or lower with as little as $5 million in capital when he was running his hedge fund. Cramer said, "A lot of times when I was short at my hedge fund...When I was positioned short—meaning I needed it down—I would create a level of activity beforehand that could drive the futures." He also encouraged hedge funds to engage in this type of activity because it is "a very quick way to make money".

Cramer stated that everything he did was legal, but that illegal activity is common in the hedge fund industry as well. He also stated that some hedge fund managers spread false rumors to drive a stock down: "What's important when you are in that hedge-fund mode is to not do anything remotely truthful because the truth is so against your view, that it's important to create a new truth, to develop a fiction." Cramer described a variety of tactics that hedge fund managers use to affect a stock's price. Cramer said that one strategy to keep a stock price down is to spread false rumors to reporters he described as "the Pisanis of the world". The comment was a reference to CNBC correspondent Bob Pisani, who reports from the trading floor of the New York Stock Exchange. "You have to use these guys," said Cramer. He also discussed giving information to "the bozo reporter from The Wall Street Journal" to get an article published. Cramer said this practice, although illegal, is easy to do "because the SEC doesn't understand it." During the interview Cramer referred to himself as a "banking class hero."

SEC subpoena

In February 2006, an investigation by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) into allegations of collusion between short-sellers and a stock research firm led to the serving of subpoenas to TheStreet.com and Cramer, as well as journalists for Dow Jones and Marketwatch.com. The SEC then began to back away from the subpoenas, indicating it had no intention of enforcing them after lawyers for Dow Jones said they would not comply. SEC Chairman Christopher Cox rebuked the SEC's staff attorneys for filing subpoenas on two Dow Jones reporters without first consulting him or the other top commissioners. Cox issued a statement saying neither he nor any of the SEC's four other commissioners were aware of the subpoenas, which he called "highly unusual."

The allegations had been raised publicly and in a lawsuit against Gradient by Overstock.com chief executive Patrick M. Byrne. In May 2007, it was revealed that the SEC had subpoenaed Byrne in May 2006, in connection with an investigation of the company.

Performance of stock picks

Cramer is the founder, former owner and Senior Partner of Cramer Berkowitz, a hedge fund where Cramer reported a compounded annual "rate of return of 24% after all fees for 15 years" at Cramer Berkowitz. He retired from his hedge fund in 2001, where he finished with a self reported 36% return in 2001.

On September 15, 2008, Cramer invited Robert Steel, the CEO of Wachovia on his show, ''Mad Money'', in order to recommend the stock to potential investors. Cramer agreed with the CEO that the company was fundamentally sound and that the ratio of good loans to bad loans was low. Cramer would recommend the stock to his viewers before Citi announced their intentions to acquire Wachovia's banking operations. Cramer stated that Wachovia was part of the "Fortress Five" in relation to having a fortress balance sheet stating "It's now the 'Fortress Five'... thanks to the leadership of Bob Steele, who I believe will be able to split WB into a good bank and a bad bank, and lead it much higher... Now that the stock was up today a couple of smackers... have a little pullback... knowing this market, you're going to get one." On Monday, September 29, Wachovia's share prices dropped over 95% in the pre-market and over 80% in market hours following news of a possible Citi acquisition. Prior to this, Cramer had stated, "This is run by Bob Steel. He's as close as we're going to get to a great banker. I think he's going to make this a great company. " Eventually, Wells Fargo would purchase Wachovia for $15.1 billion in an all stock deal leaving Wachovia shareholders with 0.1991 shares of Wells Fargo for every share of Wachovia stock, resulting in a large decline in stockholder value. In 2008, Wachovia shares declined 88 percent.

On August 3, 2007, Cramer made a plea (some call a rant) for Federal Reserve Chairman Ben Bernanke to cut interest rates supposedly because of comments he was getting from investment banks, and their concern about adjustable-rate mortgage borrowers increasing loan rates.

On July 8, 2008, in an article on TheStreet.com entitled, "Look At The Facts" Cramer said, "The losses are increasing, the auction-rate preferreds are now biting, the mortgage implode-a-meter now measures how many home-builders are going under."

On "Hardball with Chris Matthews" for September 19, 2008, Cramer stated "It's not too late to be on the pom-pom...the sideline" in regards to home teaser loans. Cramer spoke again on the Today Show on October 6, 2008, suggesting to investors, "Whatever money you need for the next five years, please take it out of the stock market."

On September 22, 2008, ''Wall Street Journal'' best-selling author Eric Tyson, criticized Cramer's stock picks and his performance in general.

An August 20, 2007, article in Barrons stated that within the select time frame of the previous two years, "his picks haven't beaten the market. Over the past two years, viewers holding Cramer's stocks would be up 12% while the Dow rose 22% and the S&P 500 16%." CNBC disputed the magazine's findings. In a February 9, 2009, story, Barrons further reported that betting against Cramer's Buy recommendations using options in the short term could yield 25% in the initial month.

On September 28, 2009, Cramer told subscribers to buy CIT. One month later the company went bankrupt.

Action Alerts charitable trust

In the timeframe of 2002 until May 2009 the performance of Cramer's charitable trust ''"Action Alerts PLUS"'' outpaced the S&P 500 and the Russell 2000; while the charitable trust accumulated a return of 31.75%, the S&P 500 had a return of 18.75% and the Russell 2000 has a return of 22.51%. On an annual basis, the trust outperformed the S&P 500 by 7.35% and the Russell 2000 Index by 3.33%.

CNBC does not permit Cramer to buy or sell any security he has spoken about on CNBC for the trust for five days following the broadcast. Whenever Cramer is acting within his portfolio or important news about his stocks occur he sends out e-mails to his paying subscribers on TheStreet.com. Whenever mentioning a stock that he holds in his portfolio, he is required to disclose that he owns shares of such company on his CNBC show.

Bear Stearns recommendation

On the March 11, 2008, episode of Cramer's show ''Mad Money'', a viewer named Peter submitted the question "Should I be worried about Bear Stearns in terms of liquidity and get my money out of there?" Cramer responded "No! No! No! Bear Stearns is not in trouble. If anything, they're more likely to be ''taken over''. Don't move your money from Bear." In other words, the caller wanted to know if it was possible that the liquidity crisis at Bear was so bad, that the viewer would be unable to get his money out of his Bear Stearns account if it went under. On March 17, 2008, Cramer claimed he meant the latter explanation, rather than the previous one. Cramer states he was not recommending the common stock but allaying concerns about the account holder's liquidity held in a Bear Stearns brokerage account. Cramer later wrote about the incident: "I did tell an emailer that his deposit in his account at Bear Stearns was safe, but through a clever sound bite, (Jon) Stewart, and subsequently (Frank) Rich—neither of whom have bothered to listen to the context of the pulled quote—pass off the notion of account safety as an out-and-out buy recommendation. The absurdity astounds me. If you called Mad Money and asked me about Citigroup, I would tell you that the common stock might be worthless, but I would never tell you to pull your money out of the bank because I was worried about its solvency. Your money is safe in Citi as I said it was in Bear. The fact that I was right rankles me even more."

Michael Lewis, a journalist for the U.K.-based Evening Standard news Web site, states that TheStreet.com listed Bear Stearns as a "Buy" at $62 per share on March 11, 2008, which was the same day as the caller's question and a day before the collapse of Bear Stearns. However, TheStreet.com--the web site quote that shows the ratings history for actual changes that Cramer makes—indicates that Cramer changed Bear Stearns rating to a "Sell" on February 5, 2008. On his March 12, 2009 appearance on the Daily Show, Cramer admitted he made mistakes on his Bear Stearns calls.

Cramer's responses to criticism

The White House

On March 2, 2009, Cramer drew the attention of some critics after his evaluation of President Obama’s spending plans and the administration’s handling of the banking crisis. Cramer’s name came up on March 3 during a White House press briefing after Cramer said that Obama was responsible for “the greatest wealth destruction I have seen by a president.” An offended White House shot back. Press Secretary Robert Gibbs said, "If you turn on a certain program it's geared to a very small audience. I'm not entirely sure what he's pointing to make some of the statements." When pressed further by NBC's Tom Costello, Gibbs said, "You can go back and look at any number of statements he's made in the past about the economy and wonder where some of the backup for those are, too."

On March 5, 2009, Cramer responded to the White House. He said, "Huh? Backup? Look at the incredible decline in the stock market, in all indices, since the inauguration of the president, with the drop accelerating when the budget plan came to light because of the massive fear and indecision the document sowed: Raising taxes on the eve of what could be a second Great Depression, destroying the profits in health care companies, tinkering with the mortgage deduction at a time when U.S. house price depreciation is behind much of the world's morass and certainly the devastation affecting our banks, and pushing an aggressive cap and trade program that could raise the price of energy for millions of people."

Cramer questioned criticism he received which he explained makes him "uncomfortable being in the crosshairs of columnists and comedians I enjoy." Cramer asked, "So, why after toiling in the cable wilderness for four years with Mad Money am I the target of the wrath of the Obama clan, and the darling, albeit surely momentary, of the Obama-critics? After all, my criticism of Obama's handling of the economic crisis is a lot less pointed than my withering August 2007 'They Know Nothing' meltdown against Ben Bernanke and the previous administration's handling of the economic crisis."

Frank Rich

Referring to March 8, 2009, charges leveled against Cramer by ''New York Times'' columnist Frank Rich, Cramer said that he does not understand how Obama and his staff plan to raise taxes, institute cap-and-trade limitations and rework the health-care system all during a recession. The article says: "It isn’t that Cramer disagrees with Obama’s vision for the country – he even agrees with taxing the rich – but now is not the time to put those plans into action. The president needs to solve our housing, employment and financial problems, and only then turn his attention to health care and changing the mortgage deduction."

Jon Stewart

On March 12, 2009, Cramer appeared on ''The Daily Show with Jon Stewart''. Stewart reiterated earlier claims regarding the CNBC host's "silly and/or embarrassing and/or stupid financial observations." Moreover, he claimed CNBC shirked its journalistic duty by believing corporate lies, rather than being an investigative "powerful tool of illumination." For his part, Cramer disagreed with Stewart on a few points, but acknowledged that he could have done a better job foreseeing the economic collapse: "We all should have seen it more."

Stewart also discussed how short-selling was detrimental to the markets and investors. Cramer admitted to Stewart that short-selling was detrimental, stated his opposition to it, and claimed that he had never engaged in it, which contradicts earlier statements in which he described going short while managing a hedge fund. In a December 2006 interview from TheStreet.com's "Wall Street Confidential" webcast Cramer said, "A lot of times when I was short at my hedge fund...When I was positioned short—meaning I needed it down—I would create a level of activity beforehand that could drive the futures." He said, "I will say this: I am trying to expose this stuff, exactly what you guys do, and I've been trying to get the regulators to look at it." However, Stewart played several video clips from 2006 where Cramer discussed the spreading of false rumors to drive down stock prices and encouraged short-selling by hedge funds as a means to generate returns. At one point in a clip from December 22, 2006 he said, "I would encourage anyone in a hedge fund to do it." He called it a very quick way to make money and very satisfying. He continued, "By the way, no one else in the world would ever admit that, but I don't care, and again, I'm not gonna say it on TV." Stewart responded, "I want the Jim Cramer on CNBC to protect me from that Jim Cramer." Cramer again admitted that he can do better, and that he should try to change. The interview ended when Stewart pointedly suggested: “Maybe we can remove the ‘financial expert’ and the ‘In Cramer We Trust’ and start getting back to fundamentals on the reporting, as well, and I can go back to making fart noises and funny faces.” Cramer responded: “I think we make that deal right here.”

Response to criticism for his Wachovia call

On March 9, 2009, during a segment on ''Mad Money'', Cramer said Frank Rich "chastised me for endorsing Wachovia's stock after then-CEO Bob Steel came onto Mad Money and spoke positively about the bank." After the bank collapsed, Cramer reminded viewers that he is the first person to admit when wrong. Cramer mentioned, "Look, I was taken in, the guy pantsed me. I made a mistake. The SEC is investigating Steel's appearance on the show for truthfulness, though. I made a mistake, but they're investigating him to see if he lied. Bigger issue. Sometimes you just get had."

Cramer apologized both on ''Mad Money'' and on the ''Today Show'' for promoting Steel.

Response to pundits

"The pundits," Cramer explained on March 9, 2009, in a MainStreet article, "who haven't paid attention to anything I have been saying or writing for the past 18 months are all over me." Cramer said the pundits "won't engage in the merits of, say, favoring Tier 1 capital for the banks vs. common equity, or forbearing on the banks to work the situation out over time because the banks can be profitable if we have some patience. They just attack me." Cramer suggested, "It's time to get serious. It's time to take the issue from the pundits and from the left and right, and put it where it belongs: serious non-ideological debate to put out the real firestorm, the collapse of the economy from Wall Street to Main Street and the ensuing Great Wealth Destruction for all."

Bibliography

''Jim Cramer's Getting Back to Even'' ISBN 978-1439158012

''Jim Cramer's Stay Mad for Life: Get Rich, Stay Rich (Make Your Kids Even Richer)'' ISBN 978-1416558859

''Jim Cramer's Mad Money: Watch TV, Get Rich'' ISBN 1-4165-3790-2

''Jim Cramer's Real Money: Sane Investing in an Insane World'' ISBN 0-7432-2489-2

''Confessions of a Street Addict'' ISBN 0-7432-2487-6

''You Got Screwed! Why Wall Street Tanked and How You Can Prosper'' ISBN 0-7432-4690-X

Notes

References

External links

Biographies

Jim Cramer biography on CNBC.com

Jim Cramer biography on TheStreet.com

Notable Cramer sources

Mad Money w/ Jim Cramer Madcap Recap

Mad Money TV show recapped Nightly Verbatim Recaps

TheStreet.com, Cramer's investment website.

Stockpickr Stock market social networking site.

Articles written by Jim Cramer on MainStreet.com

In the Money, continued, ''Balance Sheet'', article about Cramer and other law alumni, from the online ''Harvard Law Bulletin''

Betting on the Market – PBS Frontline interview with Jim Cramer

Jim Cramer's Picks at Seeking Alpha

''To The Moon''

Maxim: Ask Jim Cramer, Maxim's interview with Cramer, and Top 2 Chinese Stocks Right Now

''Time's'' 100 Most Influential People of 2009 – Jim Cramer

Jim Cramer on the Iraqi Dinar – on DinarProfits.com

Bear Stearns Recommendation

The Bear Stearns Recommendation – on CNBC

Category:1955 births Category:American broadcast news analysts Category:American columnists Category:American finance and investment writers Category:American infotainers Category:American investors Category:American Jews Category:American money managers Category:American talk radio hosts Category:American television personalities Category:American business journalists Category:Goldman Sachs people Category:Harvard Law School alumni Category:The Harvard Crimson people Category:Hedge fund managers Category:Living people Category:New York lawyers Category:People from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania Category:People from Summit, New Jersey

ja:ジム・クレイマー uk:Джим Крамер

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
name	Rizwan Khan
birth date
birth place	Aden, South Yemen
education	University of Wales Medical Physiology (B.Sc.) University of Portsmouth Radio Journalism (B.A.)
occupation	Reporter and Anchor at Al Jazeera
years active
website	}}

Rizwan "Riz" Khan (born April 1962) is a British television news reporter and interviewer who until April 2011 hosted his own eponymous television show on Al Jazeera English. He first rose to prominence while working for the BBC and CNN.

Life and career

Khan was born in Aden, South Yemen, to a Punjabi father and Gujarati mother. His father's roots hail from Pakistan-administered Kashmir while his mother's roots go back to Kutch, Gujarat. He considers himself as a British Pakistani. Khan moved with his family to London, at the age of four. He attended both Springwell Junior and Hounslow Manor Comprehensive Schools and joined the Air Training Corps, and graduated with a Bachelor of Science with Honours in Medical Physiology from the University of Wales, and then completed a postgraduate course in Radio Journalism at the University of Portsmouth.

In 1987 he was selected for the BBC News Trainee scheme - a two-year BBC training system, usually taking only 6 people per course. Khan progressed to jobs as a BBC reporter, producer, and writer, working in both television and radio, and would later become one of the founding News Presenters on BBC World Service Television News. He hosted the news bulletin that launched BBC World Service Television News in 1991. In 1993, he moved to CNN International, where he became a senior anchor for the network's global news shows. Events he covered included the 1996 and 1999 coverage of elections in India; the 1997 historic election in Britain; and in April 1998 the unprecedented live coverage from the Muslim pilgrimage, the Hajj.

In 1996 he launched his interactive interview show ''CNN: Q&A with Riz Khan'', and he has conducted interviews with guests including former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan, former US Presidents Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton, the Dalai Lama and Nelson Mandela, and genomic scientist J. Craig Venter. Khan also secured the world exclusive with Pakistan's General Pervez Musharraf following his coup in October 1999. Khan also hosted ''Q&A-Asia with Riz Khan''. These interactive shows put world newsmakers and celebrities up for viewer questions live by phone, e-mail, video-mail and fax, along with questions and comments taken from the real-time chatroom that opens half-an-hour before each show.

Khan hosted his show, ''Riz Khan'', on Al Jazeera English, interviewing analysts and policy makers and allows viewers to interact with them via phone, email, SMS messages or fax. The show came to an end in April 2011.

Khan speaks Urdu and Hindi and also understands other South Asian languages such as Punjabi and Kutchi. He has studied French, and can understand some other European languages, including Swedish.

In 2005 he authored his first book, ''Al-Waleed: Businessman Billionaire Prince'', published by Harper Collins.

In 2011 he authored a preface for the Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ) annual report "Attacks on the Press 2010", which examined working conditions for journalists in more than 100 countries.

References

"Why I'm Joining Al Jazeera", op-ed by Riz Khan, ''The Wall Street Journal'', 13 June 2005, p. A1

"Q&A CNN Anchor: Riz Khan". ''India Today''. February 19, 2001.

External links

Riz Khan's official website

Profile at Al Jazeera English

MySpace Profile

Interview with Baron Dave Romm of KFAI-FM at the Republican National Convention Sept. 2, 2008 and picture

Category:1962 births Category:Al Jazeera people Category:Alumni of Cardiff University Category:Alumni of the University of Portsmouth Category:British Muslims Category:British people of Indian descent Category:English people of Pakistani descent Category:British journalists Category:British television presenters Category:Living people Category:Punjabi people Category:Gujarati people Category:People from Aden

ar:ريز خان he:ריז ח'אן sw:Riz Khan no:Riz Khan

Coordinates	34°03′″N118°15′″N
Name	Robert Peston
Birth name	Robert Peston
Birth date	April 25, 1960
Known for	Business editor of BBC News
Nationality	British
Relatives	Maurice Peston, Baron Peston (father)
Spouse	Sian Busby
Employer	BBC
Occupation	Journalist, news and TV presenter, author, Stockbroker }}

Robert Peston (born 25 April 1960) is a British journalist. Since February 2006, he has been the Business Editor for BBC News. He became known to a wider public with his reporting of the late-2000s financial crisis, especially with his scoop on the Northern Rock crisis.

Early life and education

Peston is the son of economist and later Labour peer Maurice Peston and his NHS-employee wife. The couple believed passionately in state education, and sent Robert to the local comprehensive school, Highgate Wood Secondary School, in Crouch End, North London. Peston graduated from Balliol College, Oxford in 1982, and then studied at the Université Libre de Bruxelles after winning a scholarship.

Career

Peston briefly worked at stockbroker Williams de Broë, before he became a journalist in 1983 for the ''Investors Chronicle'' and joining ''The Independent'' newspaper for its launch in 1986. From 1989 to 1990 Peston worked for the short-lived ''Sunday Correspondent'' newspaper as Deputy City Editor, before being appointed City Editor of the ''Independent on Sunday'' in 1990.

From 1991 to 2000, he worked for the ''Financial Times''. At the FT, he was - at various times - Political Editor, Banking Editor and head of an investigations unit (which he founded). During his time as Political Editor he memorably fell out with the then Downing Street Press Secretary Alastair Campbell who regularly mimicked Peston's habit of flicking back his hair and once responded to a difficult question with the words: "Another question from the Peston school of smartarse journalism." His last position at the FT was Financial Editor (in charge of business and financial coverage).

In 2000, he became editorial director of the online financial analysis service Quest, owned by the financial firm, Collins Stewart. At the same time, he became a contributing editor of ''The Spectator'' and a weekly columnist for the ''Daily Telegraph'' In 2001 he switched allegiance from the ''Telegraph'' to the ''Sunday Times'', where he wrote a weekly business profile, Peston's People, and left ''The Spectator'' for the ''New Statesman,'' where he wrote a weekly column.

In 2002 he joined ''The Sunday Telegraph'' as City editor and assistant editor. He became associate editor in 2005.

In late 2005, it was announced that Peston would succeed Jeff Randall as BBC Business Editor, responsible for business and city coverage on the corporation's flagship TV and radio news programmes, the BBC News Channel, its website and on Radio 4's ''Today''.

While no impropriety on the part of Peston was implied, it was claimed in ''The Observer'' on 19 October 2008 that the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) could enquire into the source of one of Peston's scoops which, in September 2008 in the fraught atmosphere of the global financial crisis, revealed that merger talks between HBOS and Lloyds TSB were at an advanced stage. In the minutes before the broadcast, buyers purchased millions of HBOS shares at the deflated price of 96p; in the hour following it, they could be sold for 215p. The Conservative MP Greg Hands had written to the SFO about this.

On 4 February 2009, Peston appeared as a witness at the House of Commons Treasury Select Committee, along with Alex Brummer (City Editor, ''Daily Mail''), Lionel Barber (Editor of the ''Financial Times''), Simon Jenkins (''Guardian''), and Sky News Business Editor Jeff Randall to answer questions on the role of the media in financial stability and "whether financial journalists should operate under any form of reporting restrictions during banking crises".

On 28 August 2009, Peston had a highly publicised row with James Murdoch, following the latter's MacTaggart lecture. More recently he has repeatedly broken stories relating to New International's involvement with phone hacking at times which were perceived as advantageous to the company, leading to criticisms that he has become a Murdoch stooge.

Peston is the founder of Speakers for Schools, www.speakers4schools.org, a pro-bono education venture to get inspirational speakers, leading figures from business, politics, media, the arts, science, engineering and sports, inter alia, to give talks for free in state schools. Administered in partnership with the charity, the Education and Employers Taskforce, Speakers for Schools already has 400 speakers and launches in October 2011.

Awards

Peston is a past winner of the Harold Wincott Senior Financial Journalist of the Year Award (2005), the London Press Club's Scoop of the Year Award (2005), Granada Television's ''What the Papers Say'' award for Investigative Journalist of the Year (1994) and the Wincott Young Financial Journalist of the Year (1986).

At the Royal Television Society's Television Journalism Awards 2008/09 Peston won both "Specialist Journalist of the Year" and "Television Journalist of the Year" for his coverage of the credit crunch and a string of 'scoops' associated with it. Also, his scoop on Lloyds TSB's takeover of HBOS won the Royal Television Society's "Scoop of the Year" award. He was voted Best Performer in a Non-Acting Role in the Broadcasting Press Guild's 2009 awards and Business Journalist of the Year in the London Press Club's 2009 awards. In the 2008 Wincott Awards, he won the Broadcaster of the Year Award and he won the online award for his blog.

In 2009, he was named Political Journalist of the Year in the Political Studies Association Awards, and he topped polls of the general public and journalists carried out by ''Press Gazette'' to find the highest rated finance and business journalist.

Peston's scoop on Northern Rock seeking emergency financial help from the Bank of England won the Royal Television Society's Television Journalism Award for Scoop of the Year in the 2007/8 awards and the Wincott Award for Business News/Current Affairs Programme of the Year. He was Journalist of the Year in the Business Journalism of the Year Awards for 2007/08, and also won in the Scoop category.

Peston won the Work Foundation's Broadcast News Journalism Award and the Foundation's Radio Programme of the Year Award (for his ''File on 4'', "The Inside Story of Northern Rock"). His blog won the digital media category in the Private Equity and Venture Capital Journalist of the Year Awards.

Delivery style

In spite of his accolades, the transition from print media has been difficult for Peston, and his curious delivery on radio and television news has attracted criticism from diverse sources. ''The Times'', for example, brands his style "ragged and querulous", and more recently "rambling" and "excruciatingly hard to listen to". ''The Telegraph'' identifies "strangulated diction" and "repetition of small words" among his traits; in the same article, though maintaining he is "loads better than [he] was", Peston himself concedes he is "still not as polished as some". His characteristic mannerisms have been particularly well-observed by impressionist Rory Bremner.

Peston has stated "I am not going to endeavour to become somebody hugely smooth and polished."

Books

Peston published his biography of Gordon Brown ''Brown's Britain'' in January 2005, which details the rivalry between Gordon Brown and the then Prime Minister Tony Blair. ''Brown's Britain'' was described by then Sir Howard Davies, director of the London School of Economics, as "a book of unusual political significance". The fly cover of the book describes how "Peston was given unprecedented access to Gordon Brown and his friends and colleagues". Telling Brown's side of the Blair/Brown power struggle, it is believed that Peston has used the relationship then built up with Brown for many of his later financial news story "scoops" at the BBC.

In February 2008, Hodder & Stoughton published Peston's latest book, ''Who Runs Britain? How the Super-Rich are Changing our Lives.'' In ''The Guardian'', Polly Toynbee said of it: "Reading Peston's book, you can only be flabbergasted all over again at how Labour kowtowed to wealth, glorified the City and put all the nation's economic eggs into one dangerous basket of fizzy finance."

Personal life

Peston is married to the writer Sian Busby, writer of a book about the warrior queen Boudicca, and a historical thriller novel ''McNaughten''. The couple have two sons. Peston relaxes by listening to his collection of 500 singles from the Seventies. He is also an avid artist and enjoys painting scenes of ocean settings and wild animals. He supports Arsenal F.C.

Peston supports the British charity Common Purpose UK. Peston and the CEO of Common Purpose, Julia Middleton are also both members of The Media Standards Trust.

In an article in the ''New Statesman'', Peston said of Julia Middleton:

:“One of Middleton's great skills is to persuade police constables, youth group organisers, permanent secretaries, FTSE chief executives and head teachers that they can learn from each other and could even cure some of society's ills.”

Having Jewish ancestry and family Peston describes himself as "culturally Jewish".

References

External links

Peston's blog on BBC site

BBC press release about Peston's appointment

Interview

Category:1960 births Category:Living people Category:BBC newsreaders and journalists Category:Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford Category:British Jews Category:Online journalists Category:British bloggers Category:British business and financial journalists